Hip Hemiarthroplasty
Overview:
Hip hemiarthroplasty is a surgical procedure where only one half of the hip joint is replaced — usually the femoral head (the ball part of the ball-and-socket joint) — while the acetabulum (hip socket) is left intact. It is commonly performed for elderly patients with hip fractures, especially displaced femoral neck fractures.
Why It’s Done:
Hip hemiarthroplasty is typically recommended when:
There is a fracture of the femoral neck that cannot heal properly with fixation.
The patient is elderly or has limited mobility, making full hip replacement less beneficial.
The hip joint is otherwise healthy and does not have significant arthritis.
It’s a faster surgery with less stress on the body compared to total hip replacement, especially important for frail or older patients.
How You Prepare:
Before surgery, patients will typically undergo:
Medical evaluation: Blood tests, ECG, imaging (X-rays, sometimes CT/MRI).
Medication review: Some medications like blood thinners may be paused.
Fasting: Usually no food or drink for 6–8 hours before surgery.
Anesthesia planning: General or spinal anesthesia is discussed.
Consent: Patient signs consent after understanding risks and benefits.
What You Can Expect:
During surgery:
The damaged femoral head is removed.
A metal prosthetic head is inserted into the femur.
The socket is not replaced.
The procedure usually lasts 1–2 hours.
After surgery:
Monitoring in a recovery room.
Pain control with medications.
Initiation of mobilization within 24–48 hours.
Physical Therapy:
Physical therapy is crucial to recovery and usually begins shortly after surgery:
Day 1–2: Bed mobility, sitting, standing, and short walks.
Week 1–2: Walking with walker or crutches, light strengthening.
Weeks 3–6: Improved gait, increased endurance, stair training.
Focus is on preventing stiffness, improving strength, and restoring function.
Precautions are taken to prevent dislocation, such as avoiding certain movements (e.g., crossing legs, bending hip past 90 degrees).
Results:
Most patients experience:
Significant pain relief.
Improved mobility compared to pre-surgery.
Lower risk of complications in appropriate patients versus total hip replacement.
Recovery time ranges from 6 to 12 weeks, depending on age, health, and physical therapy.
However, since only half the joint is replaced, long-term outcomes may not be as durable as total hip arthroplasty, especially in younger or more active individuals.